What is RTWP?

If you work with UMTS,'ve probably heard someone talk about RTWP. RTWP stands for Received Total Wideband Power. It represents a measure of UMTS technology: the total level of noise within the UMTS frequency band of any cell.


RTWP is related to uplink interference, and its monitoring helps control the call drops - mainly CS. It also has importance in the capacity management, as it provides information for the Congestion Control regarding Uplink Interference.


In UMTS, the uplink interference may vary due to several factors, such as the number of users in the cell, the Service, Connection Types and Conditions of Radio, etc..


As our goal is to always be as simple as possible, we will not delve in terms of formulas or concepts involved. We will then know the typical values, and know what must be done in case of problems.



Typical Values:


We know that RTWP can help us in checking the uplink interference, then we need to know its typical values.


In a network is not loaded, normal, acceptable RTWP Average value is generally around -104.5 and -105.5 dBm.



Values around -95 dBm indicate that the cell has some uplink interferers.


If the value is around -85 dBm, the situation is ugly, with strong uplink interferers.


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UMTS Performance Measurement - Guide to KPI for UTRAN

The radio technology behind UMTS is seen in two different varieties: Frequency duplex division (FDD also known as WCDMA) where uplink and downlink data is transmitted on two different frequency bands; and time division duplex (TDD), where uplink and downlink channels are separated using timeslots. TDD is beyond the scope of this book.


Performance measurement represents a new stage of monitoring data.In the past monitoring networks means decoding messages and filtering which messages belong to the same call.Performance measurement is an effective means of scanning the whole network at any time and systematically searching for errors, bottlenecks and suspicions behaviors. 

GSM and UMTS - The Creation of Global Mobile Communication

Contents:-

• GSM’s Achievements
• The Agreement on the Concepts and the Basic Parameters of the GSM Standard
• Evolving the Services and System Features to Generation 2.5 by the GSM Phase2+ Program (1993–2000)
• The UMTS Related Work of the European Commission, UMTS Taskforce, UMTS Forum and GSM Association
• The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
• Radio Aspects
• System Architecture Evolution
• The Subscriber Identity Module, Past, Present and Future
• Voice Codecs
• Security Aspects
• Short Message and Data Services
• Mobile Stations Type Approval
• Operation and Maintenance
• The Contributions of the GSM Association
• GSM and UMTS Acceptance in the World
• GSM Success Factors

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E-Book on WCDMA deployemt - Planning and Optimization Aspects

This book focuses on the knowledge needed to effectively deploy Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) networks and  provide as many answers as possible to the complex questions that planners or engineers encounter in their daily activities.

Contents:- 



1. Introduction to UMTS Networks

• UMTS Network Topology
• WCDMA Concepts
• WCDMA Network Deployment Options
• The Effects of Vendor Implementation

2. RF Planning and Optimization

• Overview of the Network Deployment Process
• Link Budgets
• Network Planning Tools
• Interference Considerations during Network Planning
• Parameter Settings and Optimization during Network Planning
• RF Optimization

3. Capacity Planning and Optimization

• Basic UMTS Traffic Engineering
• Effect of Video-Telephony and PS Data on Traffic Engineering
• Multiservice Traffic Engineering
• Capacity Planning
• Optimizing for Capacity

4. Initial Parameter Settings

• Physical Layer Parameters
• Intra-frequency Cell Reselection Parameters
• Access Parameter Recommendations
• Intra-frequency Handover Parameters

5. Service Optimization

• KPI and Layered Optimization Approach
• Voice Service Optimization
• Video-Telephony Service Optimization
• PS Data Service Optimization
• PS Data Parameters

6. Inter-System Planning and Optimization

• Inter-System Boundary Planning
• Inter-System Transitions in Connected Mode
• Inter-System Transitions in Idle Mode
• Test Setup for Inter-System Handover and Cell Reselection
• Optimizing Inter-System Parameters
• Additional Inter-System Planning and Optimization Issues

7. HSDPA

• HSDPA Concepts
• HSDPA Planning
• HSDPA Operation and Optimization
• HSDPA Key Performance Indicators (KPI)

8. Indoor Coverage

• Design Approach and Economic Considerations
• Coverage Planning and Impact on Capacity
• Optimizing Indoor Systems

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HSDPA radio network planning

Why HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access)

• Enhances peak download data rate from current 384 kbps up to a theoretical maximum downloading peak rate of 14.4 Mbps (10,7 Mbps with ¾ coding rate).
• Aimed for interactive and background services but streaming is also considered.
• Larger and cost efficient capacity in the radio network.
• Opportunity to deliver services - existing ones and new ones - at a lower cost of bit.
• Requires investments to R99/R4 UMTS (WCDMA) network.

High Speed Radio Access For Mobile Communications (HSDPA/HAUPA)

WCDMA radio access has evolved strongly alongside high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) and high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), together called ‘highspeed packet access’ (HSPA).

The HSDPA peak data rate available in the terminals is initially 1.8Mbps and will increase to 3.6 and 7.2 Mbps during 2006 and 2007, and potentially beyond 10Mbps. The HSUPA peak data rate in the initial phase is expected to be 1–2 Mbps with the second phase pushing the data rate to 3–4Mbps. 

1. HSPA standardization and background.

2. HSPA architecture and protocols

• Radio resource management architecture
• Impact of HSDPA and HSUPA on UTRAN interfaces
• Protocol states with HSDPA and HSUPA

3. HSDPA principles

• HSDPA vs Release 99 DCH
• Key technologies with HSDPA
• High-speed dedicated physical control channel
• BTS measurements for HSDPA operation
• HSDPA MAC layer operation
• L1 and RLC throughputs

4. HSUPA principles

• HSUPA vs Release 99 DCH
• Fast L1 HARQ for HSUPA
• Scheduling for HSUPA
• E-DCH transport channel and physical channels
• Physical layer procedures
• MAC layer
• Iub parameters
• UE capabilities and data rates

Concepts of High Speed Downlink Packet Access(HSDPA)

Release 5 of the 3GPP W-CDMA specification adds HSDPA in an effort to make the system more efficient for packet data applications by increasing peak data rates and reducing packet latency. Although the theoretical peak data rate for HSDPA is approximately 14 Mb/s, the actual rates achieved will be much lower than that. The performance of HSDPA depends largely on the cell size. In macro cell applications, HSDPA may improve on W-CDMA data capacity only by perhaps 30 percent, with sustainable peak data rates for one user of maybe 1 Mb/s. But in micro and pico cell deployments where co-channel interference is minimal, HSDPA is capable of delivering much higher performance over basic W-CDMA. The exact improvement is very hard to predict since it depends on actual channel conditions and the real-time capabilities of the BTS–neither of which are standardized. However, some credible estimates for Release 5 suggest a cell capacity of up to 3 Mb/s rising to 5 Mb/s in Release 6, which includes a more advanced UE receiver and improved BTS packet scheduling. Peak user data rates might reach 3.6 Mb/s for short periods of time but are unlikely to be sustainable.



The result of adding HSDPA to W-CDMA is similar to that of adding E-GPRS to GSM: that is, the improvement in peak data rates and the overall increase in system capacity,particularly in small cells. Network operators are pushing for quick adoption of HSDPA, which means that design and test engineers require suitable test equipment to enable them to develop and test new HSDPA features in the BTS and UE.

White paper on WCDMA Evolved - HSDPA

As the penetration and use of packet-data services increases and new services are introduced, end-users will require higher data rates and improved quality of service (QoS). Operators will also require more capacity in their systems.


WCDMA 3GPP Release 99 provides data rates of 384 kbps for wide area coverage and up to 2 Mbps for hot-spot areas, which is sufficient for most existing packet-data applications. WCDMA 3GPP Release 5 extends the specification with HSDPA.


The term “WCDMA Evolved” describes the evolution of WCDMA addressing both operators need for efficiency and end-users demand for enhanced experience and simplicity. While the introductory phase is passed, end-user experience and enhanced system throughput is the focus of the first step of WCDMA Evolved i.e. HSDPA – High Speed Downlink Packet Access. Later, features to further enhance the uplink with improved coverage for high data rates, improved uplink capacity and reduced uplink delay will be part of the second step within WCDMA Evolved. Possible future steps are currently discussed and investigated within 3GPP.

UMTS NETWORK PLANNING, OPTIMIZATION, AND INTER-OPERATION WITH GSM

The present book provides a detailed description of the WCDMA air interface, the detailed radio planning, and the optimization and capacity improvement mechanisms for the FDD-mode, the QoS classes, and the end-to-end parameter interworking mechanisms, as well as an adequate coverage of the terrestrial and the core network design, dimensioning, and end-to-end data transfer optimization mechanisms based on the TCP protocol.


Contents:-

• UMTS System and Air Interface Architecture
• Multipath and Path Loss Modeling
• Formulation and Analysis of the Coverage-capacity and Multi-user Interference Parameters in UMTS
• Radio Site Planning, Dimensioning, and Optimization
• The Layered and Multi-carrier Radio Access Design
• Utilization of GSM Measurements for UMTS Site Overlay
• Power Control and Handover Procedures and Optimization
• Radio Resource and Performance Management
• Means to Enhance Radio Coverage and Capacity
• Co-planning and Inter-operation with GSM
• AMR Speech Codecs: Operation and Performance
• The Terrestrial Radio Access Network Design
• The Core Network Technologies, Design, and Dimensioning
• UMTS QoS Classes, Parameters, and Inter-workings
• The TCP Protocols, Issues, and Performance Tuning over Wireless Links
• RAN Performance Root Cause Analysis and Trending Techniques for Effective Troubleshooting and Optimization

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Understanding UMTS Radio Network Modelling, Planning and Automated Optimisation

The 3rd Generation (3G) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio access network relies upon novel, more flexible and efficient communication methods, a consequence of which is that novel modelling and planning approaches become of prime importance to the network’s rollout success.


Contents:-

• Modern Approaches to Radio Network Modelling and Planning
• Introduction to the UTRA FDD Radio Interface
• Spectrum and Service Aspects
• Trends for the Near Future
• MODELLING
• Theoretical Models for UMTS Radio Networks
• Business Modelling Goals and Methods
• Fundamentals of Business Planning for Mobile Networks
• Fundamentals of Network Characteristics
• Fundamentals of Practical Radio Access Network Design
• Compatibility of UMTS Systems
• Network Design – Specialised Aspects
• Introduction to Optimisation of the UMTS Radio Network
• Introduction to Optimisation of the UMTS Radio Network
• Theory of Automated Network Optimisation
• Automatic Network Design
• Auto-tuning of RRM Parameters in UMTS Networks
• UTRAN Transmission Infrastructure Planning and Optimisation

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HSDPA/HSUPA for UMTS from Harri Holma and Antti Toskala

WCDMA radio access has evolved strongly alongside high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) and high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), together called ‘highspeed packet access’ (HSPA).



Contents:-


1. HSPA standardization and background


2. HSPA architecture and protocols

• Radio resource management architecture
• Impact of HSDPA and HSUPA on UTRAN interfaces
• Protocol states with HSDPA and HSUPA

3. HSDPA principles

• HSDPA vs Release 99 DCH
• Key technologies with HSDPA
• High-speed dedicated physical control channel
• BTS measurements for HSDPA operation
• HSDPA MAC layer operation
• L1 and RLC throughputs

4. HSUPA principles

• HSUPA vs Release 99 DCH
• Fast L1 HARQ for HSUPA
• Scheduling for HSUPA
• E-DCH transport channel and physical channels
• Physical layer procedures
• MAC layer
• Iub parameters
• UE capabilities and data rates

5. Radio resource management

• HSDPA radio resource management
• HSUPA radio resource management

6. HSDPA bit rates, capacity and coverage

• General performance factors
• Single-user performance
• Multiuser system performance
• Iub transmission efficiency
• Capacity and cost of data delivery
• Round trip time
• HSDPA performance evolution

Nokia WCDMA RAN dimenstioning

Dimensioning is the initial phase of network planning. During dimensioning, the first configuration estimates and requirements for coverage, capacity and quality of service are planned. The approximate number of necessary base station sites and base stations, the average values for the power budget, cell size, capacity, and initial network configuration are estimated at this phase. The capacity requirements and the overall quality of service targets determine the selection of the RAN transport network and the transport interfaces of base stations and RNC GSM operators can use dimensioning to estimate the service capability of the existing network in case of site reuse.

UMTS Radio Network Planning & Automated Optimization

A very Good E-Book on Understanding UMTS Radio Network Modelling, Planning and Automated
Optimisation.


Contents:-

• Introduction to the UTRA FDD Radio Interface
• Spectrum and Service Aspects
• Trends for the Near Future
• Propagation Modelling
• Theoretical Models for UMTS Radio Networks
• Business Modelling Goals and Methods
• Fundamentals of Business Planning for Mobile Networks
• Fundamentals of Network Characteristics
• Fundamentals of Practical Radio Access Network Design
• Compatibility of UMTS Systems
• Network Design – Specialised Aspects
• Introduction to Optimisation of the UMTS Radio Network
• Theory of Automated Network Optimisation
• Automatic Network Design
• Auto-tuning of RRM Parameters in UMTS Networks
• UTRAN Transmission Infrastructure Planning and Optimisation

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UMTS Radio Network Planning and Optimization