3G Evolution: HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

This very up-to-date and practical book, written by engineers working closely in 3GPP, gives insight into the newest technologies and standards adopted by 3GPP, with detailed explanations of the specific solutions chosen and their implementation in HSPA and LTE. 


The key technologies presented include multi-carrier transmission, advanced single-carrier transmission, advanced receivers, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive antenna solutions, advanced radio resource management and protocols, and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained. Both a high-level overview and more detailed step-by-step explanations of HSPA and LTE implementation are given. An overview of other related systems such as TD SCDMA, CDMA2000, and WIMAX is also provided.


This is a 'must-have' resource for engineers and other professionals working with cellular or wireless broadband technologies who need to know how to utilize the new technology to stay ahead of the competition.

HSDPA radio network planning

Why HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access)

• Enhances peak download data rate from current 384 kbps up to a theoretical maximum downloading peak rate of 14.4 Mbps (10,7 Mbps with ¾ coding rate).
• Aimed for interactive and background services but streaming is also considered.
• Larger and cost efficient capacity in the radio network.
• Opportunity to deliver services - existing ones and new ones - at a lower cost of bit.
• Requires investments to R99/R4 UMTS (WCDMA) network.

High Speed Radio Access For Mobile Communications (HSDPA/HAUPA)

WCDMA radio access has evolved strongly alongside high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) and high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), together called ‘highspeed packet access’ (HSPA).

The HSDPA peak data rate available in the terminals is initially 1.8Mbps and will increase to 3.6 and 7.2 Mbps during 2006 and 2007, and potentially beyond 10Mbps. The HSUPA peak data rate in the initial phase is expected to be 1–2 Mbps with the second phase pushing the data rate to 3–4Mbps. 

1. HSPA standardization and background.

2. HSPA architecture and protocols

• Radio resource management architecture
• Impact of HSDPA and HSUPA on UTRAN interfaces
• Protocol states with HSDPA and HSUPA

3. HSDPA principles

• HSDPA vs Release 99 DCH
• Key technologies with HSDPA
• High-speed dedicated physical control channel
• BTS measurements for HSDPA operation
• HSDPA MAC layer operation
• L1 and RLC throughputs

4. HSUPA principles

• HSUPA vs Release 99 DCH
• Fast L1 HARQ for HSUPA
• Scheduling for HSUPA
• E-DCH transport channel and physical channels
• Physical layer procedures
• MAC layer
• Iub parameters
• UE capabilities and data rates

Concepts of High Speed Downlink Packet Access(HSDPA)

Release 5 of the 3GPP W-CDMA specification adds HSDPA in an effort to make the system more efficient for packet data applications by increasing peak data rates and reducing packet latency. Although the theoretical peak data rate for HSDPA is approximately 14 Mb/s, the actual rates achieved will be much lower than that. The performance of HSDPA depends largely on the cell size. In macro cell applications, HSDPA may improve on W-CDMA data capacity only by perhaps 30 percent, with sustainable peak data rates for one user of maybe 1 Mb/s. But in micro and pico cell deployments where co-channel interference is minimal, HSDPA is capable of delivering much higher performance over basic W-CDMA. The exact improvement is very hard to predict since it depends on actual channel conditions and the real-time capabilities of the BTS–neither of which are standardized. However, some credible estimates for Release 5 suggest a cell capacity of up to 3 Mb/s rising to 5 Mb/s in Release 6, which includes a more advanced UE receiver and improved BTS packet scheduling. Peak user data rates might reach 3.6 Mb/s for short periods of time but are unlikely to be sustainable.



The result of adding HSDPA to W-CDMA is similar to that of adding E-GPRS to GSM: that is, the improvement in peak data rates and the overall increase in system capacity,particularly in small cells. Network operators are pushing for quick adoption of HSDPA, which means that design and test engineers require suitable test equipment to enable them to develop and test new HSDPA features in the BTS and UE.

Enhanced High-Speed Packet Access - HSPA+

HASP+ Goals:-

• Provide spectrum efficiency, peak data rates & latency comparable to LTE in 5 MHz
• Allow operation in an optimized packet-only mode for voice and data
• backward compatible with Release 99 through Release 6
• smooth migration path to LTE/SAE through commonality, and 
  facilitate joint technology operation

Contents:-


1. Background: HSPA Evolution

• HSPA+ introduced to continue focus on enhancements to HSPA
• Aggressive HSPA+goals for enhancing HSPA
• HOMs increase the number of bits/symbols transmitted, thereby increasing the peak rate
• HOM Peak Rate Performance Benefits: DL 64-QAM & UL 16-QAM

2. Higher data rates

• Fixed Beam Switching (FBS)
• MIMO in HSPA+

3. Signaling Improvements

• Continuous Packet Connectivity (CPC)
• Enhanced CELL_FACH & Enhanced Paging Procedure

4. Architecture Evolution/ Home NodeB

• Enhanced Layer-2 Support for High Data Rates
• MAC-ehs in NodeB
• Evolved HSPA Architecture

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